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Евро
Евро – это денежная единица ряда стран Европейского Союза. Эта валюта используется более чем в десяти государствах Европейского Сообщества. В качестве расчетов в евро используются банкноты и монеты различного достоинства. Самая мелкая монета равна одному центу (всего в одном евро сто центов), его еще называют евроцентом. Самая же крупная монета имеет достоинство в два евро и выпускается также и в виде специальных памятных монет, на обратной стороне которых чеканятся нестандартные изображения (знаменитые люди, например). Номинальная стоимость банкнот начинается с пяти евро и заканчивается пятьюстами евро, отличительной особенностью банкнот является схожий дизайн вне зависимости от того, в какой стране они выпускаются.
Как вводили Евро
Евро введены в оборот с 1999 года (в безналичном расчете), а ещё через пару лет почти все страны ЕС ввели евро в качестве наличной расчетной валюты. Однако несколько стран, входящих в состав Европейского Союза, всё же отказались заменить национальную валюту на евро (по результатам референдума в этих странах), но они сохраняют за собой право в любое время перейти на расчеты в евро при соблюдении некоторых правил в своей денежной политике. Часть стран планирует переход на евро в ближайшее время, однако экономический кризис слегка корректирует эти планы. Также некоторые страны используют евро для расчетов (в официальном или неофициальном порядке), однако не являются при этом членами Европейского Союза.
Для обозначения евро выбран особый графический знак, который при печати должен отображаться желтым цветом на голубом фоне. В письменной форме графический знак по правилам ставится перед цифровым обозначением суммы, однако многие располагают его после цифр, следуя общепринятой рекомендации Международной Организации по стандартизации. Само название «евро» на денежных знаках прописано латинскими и греческими буквами. В каждом языке ему соответствует своё произношение, но чаще всего оно совпадает с начальным произношением слова «европа».
Зачем вводили Евро
Основной целью введения евро было оживление долгосрочных вложений капитала (так называемых инвестиций) между странами Европейской зоны и уменьшение риска связанного с необходимостью обмена валют (риск заключался в возможном росте курса валют, который бы нивелировал всю потенциальную прибыль от вложений). Еще одним положительным моментом во введении единой валюты является отмена комиссий банков за перевод денежных средств в валюту другой страны, которая пусть и невелика, но в общей массе многочисленных операций составляет немалую сумму. Для конечных потребителей, жителей Еврозоны, преимущество от введения единой валюты состоит в установлении единого уровня цен на товары и услуги внутри Европейского Союза.
Управление денежной единицей евро находится в руках Европейского Центрального Банка во Франкфурте, а также единой системы банков, в состав которой входят все центральные банки стран-участников Европейского Союза.
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